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FEAR BLACKMAILING OF PATIENTS AFTER ANGIOGRAPHY

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Most of the time it is seen that angiography leads to some type of invasive surgery, either in the form of angioplasty or bypass surgery , unless the patient specifically refuses for it or the blockages are negligible or absent. Most of these surgeries are not performed on the merit of the cases. These surgeries, one need to realize, cost a lot and are major sources of money providers in the hospitals. Usually after angiography, once the blockages are found, the angioplasty doctors/surgeons start pressurizing the patient to go in for an angioplasty or bypass surgery. To emphasize their point, they start telling them “you are sitting on a time bomb, which can explode any time”. The patient fearful of the fact that he has blockages gives in to their demands and deposits money for it. If the doctors find the patient unwilling, they then catch hold of the relatives. The family members are as it is very scared and give in to their demands. Doctors tell them, “it is an emergency”. Please ...

FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

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It is ironic that oxygen, an element indispensable for life can, under certain situations, have severely deleterious effects on the human body. Most of the potentially harmful effects of oxygen are due to formation and activity of a number of chemical compounds, known as reactive oxygen species, which have a tendency to donate oxygen to other substances. Many such reactive species are free radicals and have a surplus of one or more free-floating electrons rather than having matched pairs and are, therefore, unstable and highly reactive. Types of free radicals include the hydroxyl radical (OH), the superoxide radical (O2), the nitric oxide radical (NO) and the lipid peroxyl radical (LOO). Because they have one or more unpaired electrons, free radicals are highly unstable. They scavenge your body to grab or donate electrons, thereby damaging cells, proteins, and DNA (genetic material). The same oxidative process also causes oils to become rancid, peeled apples to turn brown and iron to r...

NON-INVASIVE CARDIOVASCULAR CARTOGRAPHY

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What is Realistic Geometry Cartographic Imaging? The new field of Realistic Geometry Cartographic Imaging (RGCI) finds application in the field of Science, Technology, Oil Exploration, Nuclear Science, Medical Imaging etc. RGCI is a patent pending imaging technique, where, in simple terms, the structure of an object is imaged based on the behavior of the object. How is RGCI applied in Imaging Coronary Artery Stenosis? The parameters needed for RGCI are first acquired. The acquired parameters are then mapped against a mathematical model and a cartogram is obtained, which is the collective behavioral pattern of the Heart and its Circulation status. The deviation difference of these behavioral patterns are then calculated and a three dimensional array of image units are created which is embedded into a realistic geometry model of the structure of the coronaries. The image thus obtained are called Realistic Geometry Cartographic Image (RGCI) of the Coronaries. What are the paramet...

Management of Heart Attack in a Hospital

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The technical term for a Heart Attack is Myocardial Infarction (MI). Its management can be divided into three phases-Pre-hospital, immediately in hospital and stabilization in hospital. Pre Hospital Management means identification of pain that it can be angina. It includes taking rest, followed by Sorbitrate and if there is still no response then immediate and comfortable transport to the hospital. In a hospital, oxygen is given first, so that in case of pain due to blockages hampering blood supply, more of oxygen reaches there. Then assuming Sorbitrate has already been given (given now, if not before) a tablet of Aspirin (to be chewed and not swallowed) is considered to lower the clotting rapidly. Then Heart Attack is confirmed by ECG. Pain if present is to be managed by strong intravenous pain killers, which to some extent is relieved by Sorbitrate also. Also, very importantly intravenous B-blockers are given to limit the area of the damage by a Heart Attack and to preven...

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CARDIAC CAUSES OF CHEST PAIN

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Angina Stable angina is pain, pressure, or a sense of heaviness in the chest beneath the breastbone. It is brought on by physical exertion and is relieved by rest. The discomfort or pain may also be felt in the left arm or shoulder, the neck, the lower jaw. These are all areas of the body supplied by the same nerve that goes to the heart. What is going on in the body? Atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is a condition in which fatty deposits, also called plaque, form inside blood vessel walls. Atherosclerosis that involves the arteries supplying the heart is known as coronary artery disease . Plaque can block the flow of blood through the arteries. The tissues that normally receive blood from these arteries then begin to suffer damage from a lack of oxygen. When the heart does not have enough oxygen, it responds by causing the pain or discomfort known as angina. What are the signs and symptoms of the condition? Symptoms of angina include: ·    ...

FORMS OF HYPERTENSION

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Renovasular hypertension? Renovascular hypertension is one of the most common forms of secondary hypertension and is caused due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys. Usually, this blood flow gets restricted when the arteries to the kidneys becomes narrow (renal artery stenosis). Renal blood vessels narrow down due to one of the two following conditions – atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which arteries become hardened and narrowed, as a result of plaque that had built up along the inside of the artery walls. Fibromuscular dysplasia is a condition in which cells from the artery walls overgrow, causing the arteries to narrow down. Isolated systolic hypertension? Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is when only systolic blood pressure (the larger number of a blood pressure reading) is elevated. ISH occurs mainly in older people because systolic pressure increases with age while diastolic pressure usually declines after the after the age...